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MSS SC 2008 - Hester Telle Richards diary (Intermediate)
Number of Pages: 124

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[page torn]
[---]

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Sep. 4th The suns apparent path
in heavens is Earth's real path
& is called the Ecliptic.
Superior conjunction
Sun Greatest Elongation (w. or [-].
(Quadrature) w. or [-]
m[-] Inferior conjunction
E.

Diff [--]t, real & apparent movement
of a planet.
[Illustration follows]

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Waterlily Q. Cannon
	University of Deseret
	Geography
	Volume II.

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continued
7
Geography

and Uruguay.
Pitur of South America are: Mag-
dalena and Cauca, Essequibo, Cor-
entyn, Marony, San Francisco and
Rio Negro.
April 7th, 1886.
	Sakes. Titicaca is a lake
occupying the highest part of the Plat-
ean of Bolivia. It has an elevation of
12,545 feet, making it the second to
highest lake in the world. This lake
occupies the craters of the extinct vol-
canoes, and it contains many islands
and ancient ruins. In Peruvian his-
tory it is celebrated.
Climate 2/3 of the area is between the
tropics, making the climate hot. The
greatest width also, is between The
tropics.
Rainfall is very heavy. On the coast

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2
of Brazil it is 276 inches per year,
and in parts of Guairao, 209 inches is
the amount. In the dry season the heat
is intense parching everything parched
and dry.
Vegetation. There are 6 regions of veg-
etation: Mexican Region, embracing
Mexico, Central America, Guano, and
Peru, including all under a height
of 8,000 feet. Cactus and pepper plants
besides mumerous tropical plants grow
here
Region of Medicinal Herbs is found on
the loftier part of the Andes Mountains,
from 5,000 to 9,000 feet up. From this reg-
ion comes many of the medicines and drugs
of commerce. Temperate fruits take the
place of tropical ones.
Alpine Region includes from a thous-
and feet upward. Shrubbery and
grasses grow.

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3
Brazil Region. All of South America
between Andes Mountains and Atlan-
tic Ocean, and between the Orinoco Riv-
er to the Tropic of Capricorn is inclu-
ded in this region. Vegetation is found
most here. Great profusion of trees
make immense impenetrable forests,
the trees of which are covered by im-
mense <thick growth of> parasites. They are so dense that
The sun never penetrates them. 500
species of palms occur here. 117 differ-
ent kinds of ornamental woods have
been found within the limits of half
a square mile. Cauthone, mangrove,
cacoa trees, mamor, bamboos,
ferns &c, are all numerous.
The fifth Region extends from Pata-
gonia to the Tropic of Capricorn. This
region has a thinner growth of trees.
The Sixth Region is included in Pata-
gonia and the islands of the south.

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4
It has grass and trees sparsely scattered
here and there and is very barren.
Animals. Monkeys are numerous,
who are small, long tailed, timid-of-
man little things. Jaguar is a large
dangerous animal here. bats, dogs,
otters, skunks, bears, racoons, many
bats and gnawing animals abound.
[---] and [---] are the fur bear-
ing animals.The cud chewing ones
are: the llama, alpaca, [---] and
guanaca.
Birds are more numerous here than
any where else. 1/10th of all known birds
are here. Humming birds, Tucons, par-
rots, and condours are among them.
Huge serpents and reptiles: boa constric-
tors, rattlesnakes, crocodiles, alligators,
and many others are found in South
America. Insects are exceedingly
numerous.

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5
Countries. Orinoco Valley. The source
of the Orinoco River is still unknown,
owing to the hostility of the Indians
and the danger of ascending the
river. Orinoco means 'coiling snake'.
The river has a vast number of trib-
utaries; 436 may be called rivers, and
upward of 2,000 smaller streams.
The length is 2,000 navigable for a 
distance of 800 miles, where falls oc-
cur. The width is 4 miles and the
depth 390 feet. In the upper course
on the right bank are great for-
rts, called Savannahs. On the
left are llanos. The savannahs
contain a great variety of woods and
vegetable products. A tree related to
the mock orange bears large helmet
shaped flowers, which comprise the on-
ly clothing of the Indians.
Fig Trees grow here 150 feet high, and

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6
bamboo canes furnish the Indian
material for his house. These In-
dians are addicted to the habit
of eating earth. It is a kind of clay
from the banks of the Orinoco. They
prefer it to any other food and some-
times eat it till death ensues.
Coffee grows and far inland, on
the river banks in Venezuala and
Guano grows the cow tree, so named
because at certain seasons, it yeilds
milk. This is one of the wonders of the
vegetable world. It has a dry leathery
bark and grows in dry places.  At
a certain season This bark is cut, where
it yeilds milk, somewhat like cow's
milk.  It is usually milked every morn-
ing. In the same region and in the Mag-
dalena Valley is The Ivory Palm, a
large, long leaved Tree, bearing fruit
the size of an egg, that is polished and

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7
used for ivory. On the coast is the
mangrove Tree That grows in thickets
at the water's edge and the roots spread
out. Wax Palm grows also, from
180 to 240 feet high. A gum from
which waxs is made, comes through
the bark and is scraped off. One tree
yeilds per season about 20 pounds
of wax that sells at 25-c per pound.
In these forests grows palm called
Mauritia. This sometimes furnishes
the natives with all they need: bead,
palms wine of from the fermented
sap, and fruit like the pine cone
furnishe[-] different articles of food.
These trees are the leading ones of the
forests.
Vegetation of the Slanos is noted for a
growth of grass, soft and pliable like
silk. One very soft silky kind is called
Gra madilla. In lower lands are others.

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8
The people here are called Slaneros,
who are of mixed blood. They are the
herders and live in solitary huts,
far apart, and live almost entirely
on dried beef. They are naked to the
waist, and continually on their horses
and easily keep their herds together
by feeding them salt. They are an in-
solent lazy race and think they
can't make any exertion off their
horses. They will not dig wells, ev-
en in the Dry Season when they are
almost famishing.
Climate is hot but healthful.
While the north east trade wind
lasts (from Febuary <Dec.> to February) occurs
the Dry Season. The earth now bec-
omes dry, cracked, and parched. The
water dry up over hundreds of sq-
uare miles. Many cattle perish from
thirst. The mule, however, is more

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9
sagacious: he will search out a
large cactus, then strike of the
thorns and eat the wet pulpy part.
Dust rises in great whirls, with-
out a whiff of wind. The grass is
all turned to a powder and the cat-
tle are in the mountains. When the
rain comes, everything turns green.
When the rain comes with it comes
a wind from the Amazon Valley.
Rivers over flow, making a great
lake of all the country. Horses and
cattle swim about and crocodiles
eat them. A man never knows the
number of cattle in his herd. These
herds supply 10,000 fresh cattle each
year.
In this region the electrical eel is
found. It is from 4 to 6 feet long and
gives out an electric shock when touch-
ed.

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10
April 8th, 1886
Insects abound, among them; the bird-
eating spider and the maggale. To the
south, all insects become more poison-
ous, especially spiders. The tree lizard
and the iguna are found here
Warna people inhabit the delta of the
Orinoco River. They are a cheerful, care-
less set who wear almost no cloth-
ing; a few leaves are all. These people
are dirty and spend most of their
time in canoes so 50 or 60 feet long, bec-
ause the river overflows so much.
About half of the time they live in
trees in small huts or where trees are
not numerous they drive piles and
erect their huts on them. These trees
are their homes during the whole time
of the overflow, They are the celebrated
tree dwellers of South America. The men
hunt and fish in canoes, while the

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11
women and children remain in the trees.
In a large shallow lake not far from
Maricalo are a tribe of Indians living
in the centre of the lake, to avoid mos-
quitos. The villages are built of iron
wood in the shallow parts of the lake.
When the Spaniards saw these villages,
it reminded them of ancient Venice,
so they named the country Venezuala,
meaning 'little Venice'. The cheif food
of these people, is wild fowels. They
have an interesting method of catch-
ing them: they float gourds over the
water till the fowl become accus-
tomed to them, when they put a gou-
rd on the top of each of their heads and
walk through the water, pulling down
fowels by the feet. Among the tribes
of the interior it is a common habit
to represent clothing by painting the
body. Different tribes have differ-

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12
ent customr of putting peices of
wood through the ears, nose, lips, &c.
No Indian is considered beautiful un-
less he follow the barbarous customs
of adormment of hie nation.
sometimes they tattoo themselves;
and they roll in the mud to keep off
mosquitos.
The Wama have blow pipes of which
they are very proud. They are long hol-
low bamboo canes with an arrow
That is tufted with cotton to fill it
out then they apply a blow pipe and
blow, ending the arrow with no
noise and great force. The arrow is
poisoned with b[-]rah an extract of
of several leaves, which contain etry-
chimine. This is a very deadly poison
making the victim powerless at once.
Sometimes an Indian will just
dip his fingernail in this poison,

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13
and will go through the forest with
no other weapon. A scratch from his
finger nail is fatal. These Indians are
always fighting among themselves. 
The Indians of the Orinoco eat a kind
of greasy earth; the Indians of Ama-
zon eat loam; and the Peruvians eat
a sweet smelling clay. In the Boliv-
ian markets a mi[-]ture of talc and
micaka is regulary sold to be eaten.
In [---] Indians mix clay with
their head. Besides these, other earth eat-
ing people are found in Jamaica. The ne-
groes eat it when other food can not be
procured; and in New Calodonia, white
earih powdered clay is eaten: in Siana,
Java, and parts of Siberia, similar food
(if food it may be called) is eaten.
These northern countries (United States
of Columbia and Venezuala) are two
republics, badly governed.

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14
Cities: Caracas is the capital of Ven-
ezuala. It suffers frequently from earth
quakes.
Saguayra (Givva) is its sea-port.
Hoomana <Cumar[-]a> (Hoomanah) is another sea port.
Bogota is the capital of United States
of Columbia. It is a large handsome
city, surrounded by beautiful scen-
ery. 
Popayan in the west. Both this city 
and Bogota are on the table-land 
and have fine climate.
Cartagena is the sea-port to Popay-
an. 
Quito is the capital of Ecquador.
It is surrounded by volcanoes. In 
1859, 5 Thousand people lost their lives
by an earth-quake. Quito is night
under the equator and has perpet-
ual Spring climate.
Guayaquil is its sea-port.

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15
People. These three countries are very
similar (United States of Columbia, 
Venezuala, and Ecquador). The people 
are a mixture of the Indian and the
Spanish blood. They have above all 
other classes, iminent aptitude for
getting into debt and quarreling. 
All nations have learned better
than to lend to these people, now;
the armies are, consequently, very poor.
Civil officers have no pay; and wid-
ows and orphans of soldiers are star-
ving. Public revenue is got from the
people and all of it is appropriated
by the public officers. To rob the
country is not considered at all dis-
honest. 
The people lack energy and public spirit
The receive all their ideas from the
Spanish. The custom on imported
things is about the only income

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16
to the government; and this is not
much, as most of the goods are snug-
gled in. Although the country seems 
dead, they have great resources and
grand sounding constitutions, which 
never work. Here, 'Might heats right'.
Revolutions are very frequent, which
always amount to a seize for the 
public Treasury. The ungratitude
of the people is proverbial. They are
very, very lazy, except in fighting.
On this account planters here hire
women to do their work, because they 
are not always running off to fight.
The leader of an unsuccessful party
is always shot by the sucessful party 
Everything else must give way for
war. All have great probabilities:
minerals, fertile soil, and everything
but people. 
Exports are, medicines, dye woods, wool

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hides, hours, and tallows. 
April 8th, 1886
	Peru is traversed by two
chains of mountains, making three
regions: Western, on Coast Region, is
narrow, about 60 miles wide; and very
dry, some parts being true deserts.
In some parts they are so dry that
rain has never been known to fall on
them. Some parts are candy and rocky
in hills, and cut into numerous chan-
nels at certain places, but the rest
is dry. In the west, where there is
no rain, there is a kind of rain or
mist called Gama, which depos-
its moisture. While this lasts, the
ground is green with vegetation; but
the rest of the year, it is very dry
and barren. These desert spots are very 
hard to cross, nearly all of the cities
of Peru have, each a sea-port town.

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Central Region is about 12,000 feet
high. It is surrounded by high
mountains making it hard to get 
at. It has a very nice climate and
wavvy minerals, hence most of
the cities are here.
Eastern Region is divided by large riv-
ers, which flow into the Amazon. This 
region has a heavy rain-fall, fertile
soil, and dense tropical vegetation.
Natural Products. Peru has been
much celebrated for its mineral wealth.
There is much silver high up in the moun-
tains. The mines are difficult to
work; still, over 1,000 have been worked.
Agricultural Products are both trop-
ical and temperate.
Animals. When the Spanish came
over they found the llama tamed by
the Indians. This the only animal
used as a beast of burden. They

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very gentle, mild, pretty creatures, of diff-
erent colours. It is a cud chewing an-
imal, closely related to the camel.
They will carry across any part of the
Andes, that can be crossed, a hundred
pounds. They are very sure footed, hav-
ing cushion like feet. If weighted too
heavily, these little animals will
refuse to travel, and spit and in
their masters' faces. They go in
single file attended by one driver.
The wool and the milk of these an-
imals is often used.
Vienna is another animal of the
camel family. It is a shy swift
animal that lives in the tops of the
Andes. It is much sought after, es-
pecially by the Indians, for their
flesh and hides. The Indians cap-
ture them with weapons called
Bolas, which consist of three

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stones or balls of lead, attached to
each other and to a coil of rope.
The Indian sends these balls whirl-
ing toward the animal, when the
balls wind round the animal and
hold it captive. These weapons are
dangerous and require skillful
handling, else, in swinging them
around the Indian is apt to strike
his head with the balls. The Indians
have regular hunts to capture the
vicuna. They make a large en-
closure, then form themselves in-
to a large circle, and keep mak-
ing the circle smaller till they dr-
ive the animals into the enclosure.
Guanaco is an animal here as
large as the stag. It is found in
the Andes of Peru, Chili, and Pat-
agonia. It can't be tamed.
Alpaca is a pretty animal, found

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here, with long silky hair. Its wool
is an article of commerce. Guaun[--]ca
wool is used lately. The flesh, hides,
and wools of the alpaca are used.
People are 3/4 Indians or mixed races,
although among them are 14 or 15 grades.
Each grade hates the others. In Peru
or in Mexico, are remains of civili-
zation: temples, roads &c. At present
the people are slow and nosey as
'old Jane'. Sike the rest of the South
American countries, this one has
a fine sounding constitution. The
mixed races inherit the vices of 
both races from which they are des-
cendents. and, none of the virtues
Cities. Lima is the capital. It was
founded by Pizarro (Spanish conq-
ueror of Peru) in 15[-]4. It contains
the oldest university in America.
80° is the average temperature of

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Summer. Cuzco, on the interior
of was the capital of ancient Peru,
called the Empire of the Incas.
Pizarro was greatly surprised at
the splendour and magnificence
of the buildings, cities, &c, he found
here. The people had beautiful, grand
temples, in which to worship the
sun. These temples contained vast
amounts of gold and silver.
Pasco is noted for its silver mines,
which are the highest in the world:
15,720 feet.
	Bolivia has the same three
regions as Peru. The western one
is called Deseret of Atacama. This
region is wider Than it is in Peru.
The climate in This portion is very
changeable. The Thermometer has
passed from 7°, in the shade to 98°,
before 11 oclock. The temperature of

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the ground is often 145°. The air then
is fearfully dry and much much
water is drunk by the traveler. The
climate is so dry that note paper
splits when it is opened. Storms oc-
cur once every few hundred years.
On the climate at night and early
morning is piercingly cold: the
forenoon is like spring; then by noon
it is scorchingly hot: toward night
it is like Autumn; thus, exhibiting
4 seasons nearly every day. Some-
times during the heat of the day,
snow storms occur. Up here many
men and animals get sick on account
of the rare air, making blood rushes
to the head.
Productions. Timber and drugs
from the eastern forests, especially
Peruvian bark, and Cocoa, are the
main exports. Their cocoa is not

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The same as is in use here. It is a
shrub 7 or 8 feet high, which is <used> for
tobbacco by the Incas. Of late, its use
has enormously increased. About
8 million race use it. No Indian of
Peru thinks of making a journey
without it. It is more intoxicat
ing Than Tobacco. When used much
it gives use to a sort of gloomy ma-
nia. They use it as a charm for
the success of silver mining. A Per-
uvian can take a few bits of this
stuff and make a long journey with-
out any food.
Cinchona is formed on The Andes
Mountains, m[-]inly on the eastern
slope, for a distance of about 2,000
miles. From it Peruvian bark is
obtained, and from the bark, qui-
nine is made. There trees do not
form forests; they only grow in

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in groups. The bark yeilds an ali
to strychnine. The Peruvian bark has
a cooling effect on the system in fever.
The medicinal qualities of the Chin-
chona was accidentally discovered by
an Indian who was, according to [-]rr-
tons, carried out to the forest and left
to die. Felling very thirsty, he drank
of some water from a pond close by.
It was very, very bitter but, feeling
much releived after having drunk,
he drunk more. This soon strenghten-
ed him enough to walk to his camp.
Some trees of the cinchona were in the
water, and they had imparted to the
water its medicinal influence.
Great efforts have been made to
transplant this tree, but it can't
be done; so it is likely soon to be exter-
minated, because when taking the
bark, the Indians usually just

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peel off the bark, without cutting
the tree down, which always kills
it. However when they cut the tree
down, their peel off the bark, anoth-
er tree grows up from the old root.
Wheat, potatoes, indian rubber, and
other products, besides much sil-
ver.
Cities Sa Paz is the largest and
cheif commercial city.
Sucre is the capital. Potozi is the
cheif mining city. It is high up,
About 1800 of the mines are idle, and
216 worked. Silver Mountain is
situated near here. It has been hon-
ycombed in all directions for
silver. After mince have been car-
ried to a certain depth they fill with a
water and the people are too lazy
to pump them out. The first
discovery of silver is said to have

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been made by an Indian, who made
a fire in a fire place of earth, on the
mountain side, which melted the sil-
ver in the earth and caused it to run
down. C
Cobiga is a sea-port.
April 13th. Chili. Climate. The clim-
ate is similar to that of Bolivia.
Trade Winds deposit much moisture
here.
People, except that they are more
energetic, are like those of the other
countries of the South America.
Cities are Santaigo, Cara, and, near
The foot of the Andes Mountains
on The west-Valparaizo, the main
commercial city.
	Patagonia is a large tract
of land, divided between Argentine
Republic and Chili the summits
of The mountains in This vicin-

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ity are covered all The year around
with snow. Glacier flow down the
mountains and in some cases reach
the sea. The ground is barren, cover-
ed with rocks and pebbles. On The 
inner portion grass and wood
grow; and many cattle are here.
Guanaco is the principle arrival.
The Patagonian Indians are not-
ed for Their large stature. They are 
many of Them, over 6 feet Tall. 
The climate is warm
	Argentine Republic.
Surface. Nearly all of The surface
is embraced in two mainly lev-
el plains, not many feet above
the level of the sea. These plains
are Pampas. There are no Trees but
The plains are covered with grass,
interepersed with salt lakes.
400 miles from the mouth of the

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Parana River, the plain only vises
one foot above the level of the sea.
The plains are covered with earth
that seems to have been washed down 
from the mountains, which soil is
overlaid by 3 or 4 feet of rich would,
caused by the vast amount of dec-
aying vegitation. On the west the
poorest parts of the surface are compos-
ed of gravel from the Atlantic, hence
it is not so fertile. South America
was once the bed of the sea. Darwin
has shown that the Plains of Pata-
gonia have been elevated 100 feet, and 
the plains of the Pampas, 100 feet;
and that the Pacific and the At-
lantic Oceans were once connected
by the channel of the Santa Cruz
River, in latitude 50. Gigantic
boulders are found that have been
carried 60 or 70 miles on ice-bergs.

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South America is still rising in
the south, so that the Straits of Mag-
ellan are likely to become a dry val-
ley in a century or so. Great layers
 of sand, even on the hills of Patagon-
ia show that this country was once
the bed of the ocean. Pampas contain
1/2 million square miles. They are very
fertile, but no trees grow, because
of being destroyed by great fires.
Dry fogs occur here. The northern
part is called the Gran Chaco. It
is a great desert covered with tall
grass and thistles.
Vegetation. Pampa grass grows
all over the plains, intermixed with
clover and thistles. The grass does not
form meadows, but grows in seper-
ate bunches, In Spring the plains
are black from being burned; then
 they are a bluish green when when

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the vegetation commences; brownish
green, when full grown, and, white
when the seeds are ripe. Wheat and 
fruits grow.
Animals. Small burrowing anim-
als are numerous. Pisacha is one
of them, about the size of a Prairie
Dog. Armadillos are found allov-
er. They are much used for food;
being the only Hares, deers, tiger cats,
birds, game birds, are numerous. The
hunting is excellent. Oben bird is
a curious one, that builds its nest
with two rooms: one for the male and
the other for the female. Then The
Rhea or American Ostrich roams ov-
er the pampas in great troops.
In South America them are great
fossils remains. Among there are
The remains of the sloth. [---] of
which have been unearthed, the

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32
size of an elephant. It is now a
low little animal that ha[-]es
tail down ward, from trees. It stays
on the same ha[-]ch Till it eats ev-
ery thing off, and, then it will near-
ly starve sometimes, before it will,
move: it dreads it so. To move on the
ground causes it to shreik with 
pain. The bones of armadillos
have been found measuring 9
feet, and now they (armadillos) on-
ly measure 3 or 4 feet. Also, bones
of immense ant eaters have been
found. All together they form a
class of animals not now repres-
[-]nted on the earth, except by diff-
erent races of the same animals,
which are much smaller. Most
of these fossil remains are found
at the delta of the Parana River;
the bones of the aminals being dep-

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outed with the, by the river.
People are mainly the same as oth-
rs of South America. There is a race
of herders here, called Gauchos, who
resemble the Slaneros. They are half
naked, half breeds who, like the llaner-
os, live on jerked beef. These lazy peo-
ple will not make the slightest ex-
ertion on foot. They are a mixture
of the Spanish and the English
blood. They are very, very treacher-
ous, and are so easily offended that
no one knows when he is giving
them offence.
Wealth. The principle wealth con-
sists of cattle, horses, and sheep.

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The cattle is found in greater num-
bers here than any where else.
There are 6 head of cattle for each
person. A herd can be bought from 
$2 to $5 per head. On the plains, the
only parts of the cattle that are
used are the horns, hides, and
tallow. The flesh is left to waste.
When near cities, the meat of the
cattle is cut up, slightly salted and
dried, when it is sent over the
would are 'jerked beef'. They make
tallow by, after skinning the ani-
mal, taking and boiling the body
whole, after which the body is used
as fuel.
Cities Buenos Ayres is the capital.
It is a large handsome <thriving> city on the
La Platte. Many emigrants ar-
rive each year, consequently Argen-
tine Republic progresses fast.

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Rosano and Cordna are busy towns.
	Paraguay and Uruguay are
small. They have plains and high-
lands with good wood on them.
Vegetable Products. Mate is the Peru-
vian tea. It is found growing wild
on small bushes, which are now
cultivated. This tea, at first, is
disliked, but the taste grows on one.
1 1/2 million dollars were brought in
by this tea in '76. This is drunk
from a cocoa- nut bowl by suck-
ing it through a pipe.
Cities. Montevideo is the capital
of Uruguay.
Asuncion is the capital of Paragu-
ay
	April 13th, 1886.
Brazil. Surface consists of
 high-lands and lowlands (The
Highland of Brazil, and The Great

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Plains of the Amazon. Brazil U.S.
and Europe, all have about the same
area.
Climate. Here there is perpetual
Summer. On the lowlands of the
coast, the heat is very great.
The rain-fall averages 276 inches on
The eastern coast. In the valley of
the Amazon the temperature is over
100° in the shade. On the British
Highlands its is cooler.
Vegetation. The vegetable products,
are very abundant and valuable.
All the tropical plants of the New
World, are found in Brazil. The for-
ests are the most excellent on earth.
Brazil's area surpasses several times
that of the British Isles. There is
much useful and ornamental
timber here. Cacao is regularly
cultivated. It is a native here.

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Also, in the tropical forests, caout-
chonc trees grow, from which are
obtained India rubber. When an in-
cision is made in the bark, a white
juice oozes out and is collected by
an Indian or caoutchonc hunters,
into a gourd made from the gourd
tree. It is now emptied into a large
cauldron, over a fire of mets, which
(the fire) is hought to a point by
a chimney. The smoke soon makes
the white juice black and thick; when
a spade is dipped in, and the gum
that adheres is peeled off. After this
it is put up and exported, When
it reaches civilized countries, it is
put through various other proc-
esses. One process is when it is vulcan-
ized. The Carob Tree is especially num-
erous in Brazil. It has large pods
which are shaken down by herders

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for their sheep to feed on. It is prot-
ected by a legislative enactment
of Brazil. Brazil nuts are the seeds
of a large plant, packed in rows (the
seed). Coffee is very extensive here.
Brazil furnishes about ½ of the coff-
ee consumed by the world; and of
this, United States consumes half,
besides the coffee from the east. This
coffee from Brazil is called 'Rio Coffee.'
Sugar is quite extensively raised.
Mairioc forms the main food of the
people. The root is like the parsnip;
and it is reduced to a pulp by a 
revolving wheel. After this, the poi-
sonous juice is all pressed out, and
from the dry powder left tapioca
of commerce is made. Malla, or 
Paraguay tea grows wild in other
parts, and is cultivated in the 
south. Mangrove trees form thick-

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ets on the waters' edge. Bamboos
are found. Victoria Regina is the
name of a splendid water-lily
found here. It is of immense size,
with leaves from 6 to 4 feet across;
and bears lovely rose coloured flow-
ers the size of a cabbage, that ex-
hale the most enchanting perfume.
The leaves are a bright green with
trimmed up, purple edges. This flower
is not at all rare. They float down
the rivers in vast members. Syn-
cona, and many valuable dye
woods are found; also, Braza. Every-
thing seems to be perfectly alive.
Even poles will grow that they make
fences of. Pastures are very extensive.
At the south of the Pan par of Brazil,
is a region with a delightful clim-
ate and vegetation, called Campos.
It is generally covered with grass

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and shrubbery; and on the banks
of the streams, palms. There are many
animals here; perhaps more than in the
dense forests, because in them, they
can't get through. Birds of lovely
colours, abound. The Rhea herds in
Troops. Serpents of large and poison-
ous kinds thrive through the grass,
and hang from the trees. An im-
mense serpent, 20 feet long, is the An-
aconda, which is the worst serpent
in the world. It is rare but is not
confined to any particular region.
Its hiss terrifies both man and
beast. It crushes and swallows
whole, its prey, after which it lies
torpid for several days. When it is
in this state it can use its tail and
head, but it can't move. It is per-
fectly conscious of its danger, when
the people are trying to kill it, but

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p047.jpg)

while dormant, it can't remon-
strate, that is, —kill them—as it
would like to. Deer, tapirs,
jaguars, ant eaters, oppossum,
monkeys, armadillos, and pigeons
of all kinds, are found here.
	In the Dry Season, the smoke of
great fires cause a fog.— a dry fog.
There is great room for farming, a 150th
part not now being under cultiv-
ation.
Selvas are the valleys of the Amazon.
(not valleys in the original sense). The
rise is so slight, that the flow of the
river can't be perceived. These selvas
are so level that the rise is only ab-
out one foot for every 10 miles, so
when the river overflows it makes
a whole lake, almost covering the
palms. The trees are large and close
together, bound together with para-

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sites. Through these thick forests, the
rivers are the only path ways.
The main animals: The Tapir (Am-
erican elephant) is the largest.
It is a clumsy, hog like animal.
It remains near streams. Birds of
lovely colours, and the Rhea, herd-
ing in troops may be seen. Serpents
of large and poisonous kinds twice
through the grass and hang from
the trees.
The Jaguar is the worst enemy to
the Tapir. It will spring on to the
back of a Tapir and stay there, un-
less the Tapir happens to be near
a stream, in which case, it will dive,
compelling the jaguar to let go, as it
can not bear water. The sea-coro may
be found at the mouth of rivers
and on the coast. It is a clumsy
fabled animal. Particularly is it

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found at the mouth of the Ama-
zon River. The Roman Catholics used
to take it for a fish. Jaguars are the
most dangerous animals in South
America. It is a regular tiger. It al-
ways, when it has its pick of men
takes the blackest. It rejects no flesh
but the flesh of its own race. Sloths
are found, and a kind of pig, called
the peccary which is very dangerous
when offended. They root up whole
plantations in Brazil. There are ma-
ny gnawing creatures of which the
Agouti is the most strange. Monkeys
that are small and have long
tails, are found. These monkeys
are a favorite dish of the Indians
but the whites don't eat them
much, became the scream of these
monkeys so much resemble the
human scream. For this reason,

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whites avoid the monkey hunt,
but for this reason the Indians
like it still better.
The chinchilla is a small creature
with good fur. The Harpey, the larg-
est bird or eagle in America, is
found here. Besides the Anaconda
there is another large serpent. It 
is however harmless, and is tamed
by the Indians to feed on the verm-
in and rats.
People. Some are Whites and the oth-
ers, a mixture of the Portugese and
Indians. When the Portugese came
over, no women came with them, so 
they married Indians. 
Slavery exists now, but the Em-
peror has freed all of his slaves and
made a provision that no slave
child shall be held; so slavery will
no doubt, exist no longer,

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p051.jpg)

The Indians are varied and funny.
Botocudo is one tribe that roams ov-
er the country [---] animals and
wear no clothing. They seem to have
no thought for the future, but they
eat every thing all up. After eat-
ing they become torpid and then
sleep of the effects. Some of them
tatoo and some put a large wood
plug in the upper lip, which serves
to them as a plate. The shin of these
Indians is very hardened. Scratches
on it, when they go through the
forest, doesnt seem to affect them.
Being unencumbered by clothing
They can go very swiftly.
Cities. Rio Janeiro is the largest city
of South America, and is the capital
of Brazil. It is a large commercial city
Bahra further up, is a commec-
cial city.

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Guiana is divided in to British,
Dutch, and French Guana. The cap-
ital cities are: Georgetown, capital
of British Guano; Paramaribo,
capital of Dutch; and Ceyenne,
capital of French.

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April 16th, 1886.	

	Europe
Positron. Europe is in the northern hem-
isphere. It is the only continent that
lies entirely north of the equator.
Size. It is the smallest continent except 
Australia.
Form is triangular and more irregu-
lar than any other continent.
Coast. The coast line is more broken than
the coast of the other continents. The coast
line equals 20,000 miles.  The peninsu-
las comprise 1/4 the area of the whole con-
tinent.
On the south <South Coast> are three peninsulahs: Spain,
or Iberian Peninsula; Italy and Turkey;
and Greece, making Hellenic Peninsula,
and, also, Crinea.
Islands on the south coast are: first, in
the west, are Spain, Balearic, Corsica, Sar-
dinia, Sicily and Malta. Then there comes
the Grecian Archapeligo, Syra, Candia,

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p054.jpg)

and by usr. Cypress belongs to Asia.
Waters. Mediterrannean Sea is the larg-
est Sea in the world. It is in two oval 
basins, the east larger than the west.
Its indentations are ‑ Gulf of Syon, Gulf
of Genoa, Gulf of Duranto, Adriatic Sea,
Aegean Sea, Strait of Dardanelles, Sea of
Marmora and Rospous Sea, which
connects the Baltic Sea and the Sea
of Azor.
Connecting the <West Coast> with the Atlan-
tic Ocean, are Strait of Gibralter and
the Bay of Biscay. Up farther are—
Peninnsala of Britagine, English Chan-
nel, and Strait of Dover. North Sea,
British Isles and two peninnsulas (Ska-
ger Rack and Caltegat) connecting
with the Baltic Sea. Denmark and
Iceland. There are three gulfs, all arms
of The Baltic Sea: Regia, Finland, and
Boothnia. The Scandanavian Peninusu

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p055.jpg)

la of Norway and Sweden. The islands
are Iceland, Shetland, Faroe, Orkney, and
British Isles.
White Sea. North Coast
	Mountains
The predominate mountain system
is The in a great curve in the south. The
Alps is the principle range of This curve.
These mountains extend in a curve,
and are very complicated, with high
peaks and numerous valleys.
The average elevation is from 10,000
to 12,000 feet. The highest peak is
Mt. Blanc which has an elevation
of 15787 feet.
The predominant system is around
The Mediterrannean in a great curve.
This curve is continued on the east
by numerous mountain ranges.
On the west, we have the Jura Mountains
and continuing up, the Vosges & Black-

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Forest. These form the central knot.
A line drawn from the mouth of
the Rhine to the mouth of the Dnie-
per River, will divide the continent
into High Europe, and Low Europe.
North of the line is Low Europe; and
south of it, High Europe.
High Europe can be divided into three
parts

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Astronomy
Definition—Astron (star) Nomos (law)
History
Subject Mat-
ter (Universe

Nations
Noted Astronomers
Systems
or
Theories

Chinese
Egyptians
Greeks
Arabians

Thalee (Greek)
Ptolemy (Egyptian)
Copernicus
Keppler
Pycho of Brake
Galileo
Newton

Ptolemaic
Copernican
Keppler's Laws
Newton (Gravitation)

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Latter-day Saint's College			Aug 7th - 1889
	Descriptive Astronomy
Astronomy is derived from two Greek words meaning
the laws of the stars. It is one of the oldest of sciences.
It is different from astrology in consisting of well-
founded truths while astrology is very speculative.
Astrology is derived from Astrou (star) and logos
(science). While astronomy is a very exact science the
other is not a science being too much founded on imagin-
ation. Most of the ancient nations lay claim to
astronomy, the Chinese among the earliest. Many
of their ideas were very erroneous. Some claim
that ancients were better astronomers than moderns,
but this is not so as they had but very few instru-
ments, these few being very crude, and their astronom-
ical observations were made with the naked eye.
Of course, in those days what astronomy they had
was more general than astronomy now as it was
much simpler and then the people were herders and
led out-of-door lives so at night their eyes would
naturally turn sky-ward, to study nature's
works. We are too busy to do it now-a-days.

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p060.jpg)

The first, or Ptolemaic system was that the earth
was the greatest planes in the universe and
all the others revolved around it. There were
many queer notions extant us to the cause of
eclipses, the movements of the planets, etc.
They knew very accurately when an eclipse
would occur but did not know the cause there-
of. Some thought that a great monster came
along and tried to swallow the sun and when it
burned got the sun into its mouth the eclipe took
place. They had found by observation that the
same eclipses took place every <eleven> years. They 
thought the monster very regular in his visits. 
The Greeks were a very imaginative and every
cluster of stars represented some animal to
them; as the Great Bear.
Although the ancients knew much about
they stars they did not know their relative dis-
tances. Used [-]o think that the sky was
a large piece of velvet nailed up with brass headed
nails which were the stars, but soon saw differently.

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Subject Matter
(Universe)
Greek
unis & verto
means all turned into one

Extent
Apparent Real

Measurements
Contents

Solar System
Sun
Planets
Meteors
Comets
Zodiacal Light

Sidereal System

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Aug 15th - 1889
Sun. The sun is the source of all the heat,
light and chemical action there is on this
earth. It is the great source and store-house
of all the earth's forces. It is large that its
size cannot be comprehended. From careful
measurements it has been determined to be
860,000 miles in diameter, while the earth is
but 8,000 miles in diameter. If a mountain
on the sun were to hold the same relation to
the sun [-]s the highest mountain here does
to this earth, that mountain would be 600
miles high. On the earth it is about 5 miles
high. Were the sun hollow the earth could
be in it with the moon revolving around it at
a distance from is of 240,000 miles, and still
there be a distance of 220,000 miles between
the orbit of the moon and the rim of the sun.
It would require 1,245,000 bodies of the size of our
earth to equal the sun in size. The sun is
not so dense as the earth, yet the attraction
of the sun is twenty - seven times greater than

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p063.jpg)

that of the earth. A man on the earth
weighing 150 pounds on the sun would weigh 
27 times as much on 4,050 pounds. The sun
became larger in the winter than in the sum-
mer because we are 3,000,000 miles nearer.
The mean distance of the sun from the
earth is 92,880,000 miles. If we could go to 
the sun on a train at the rate of 30 miles
an hour it would take us 353 years to arrive
there and at 4 cents a mile it would cost us
3,715,000. We can as well comprehend the dis-
tance from here to New York in inches as from
this earth to the sun in miles.
Nervous force in a body travels at the rate
of 100 feet a second. If a man were tall enough
so does and touched the sun it would take
155 years for him to know that it was burn-
ing him.
It requires eight minutes for the light of
the sun to reach the earth.

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Thursday, Aug. 15th, 1889
The ancients looked upon the sun as a model
of purity never suspecting such a thing as there
being spots upon its surface. Through the teles-
cope bright flames may be ever leaping from the
sun. They are called Solar Protuberances or Prom-
inences. It is burning hydrogen in a condision of 
incandecence. Chromosphere (color sphere)
The Solar Prtuberances have been observed 100,000
miles in length and the rate at which they trav-
el is incomprehensible. the surface of the 
sun, though appearing so smooth to the naked
eye is seen through the telescope so to be very granu-
lar in appearance. Some have likened it to a
plate of iced soup and some to a thatched shaw
roof. Besides this granular appearance there
are black spots on the sun. Occasionally they
are apparent to the naked eye. They seem to
reach a maximum every eleven years and
then they decline. Sheiner a pupil of Galileo
was the first to announce these spots. He sold
Galileo about seeing them and I said he had

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p065.jpg)

also observed them but had kept is a secret for
[-]lear of the people. Sheiner however, announced
and was thrown into prison for daring to say
[-]uch a dreadful thing; but he quieted prejudice
[-]omewhat by saying that the sun had servants
and these planets urved him. After while let-
[-]er telescope were made and the world accepted the 
announcement. It was noticed that the spots
moved from west to east which proved to people
that the sun moved. It takes 14 days for the spot
[-]o get around the sun. These spots have been
[-]bserved 2900 feet in diameter and even 50,000 miles
Captain Davis in 1839 saw one which he estimated
86, 000 miles in diameter. If these sun-spots be
[-]ollows in the chromosphere the earth in the lot-
[-]om if a volcano's crater. Some say that when
[-]here are a great many sun spots there will be form-
ne and when there are few the opposite will be
[-]he case; but 1839 were both very much
in sun spots yet one was a very painful year

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p066.jpg)

and the other produced a famine in Europe,
so the statement is contradicted. During a
period of 10 years there were 1982 days on which
observations of the sun were made and on only
372 of these days was the sun without spots.
Sometimes 200 at a single instance have been
seen. They usually chister into belts on the suns
equator. Sometime, they have a motion of their
own and often they seperate the pieces going off
in opposite directions much the same as a
piece of ice thrown down with force. There seems
to be some connection between these spots and
the magnetism of the earth. When they make
their appearance the needle will often turn and
point to the south and other magnetic distur-
bances. These spots have a very dark center
which is called the Umbra (shadow). Outside
the Umbra it is less dark and this part is called the
Pennumbra (part shadow). Very often we see sev-
eral Pennumbra.

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Tues, Aug. 20th, 1889.
Around the penumbra a bright ridge freq-
uently is seen. This is the Facula (so[-]ck). 
Sometimes it projects into the sun spot. Some-
times there are faculae where no umbra is
seen. The faculae appear extremely bright in com-
parison to the umbra. The umbra in comparison
to the sun appears jet black but there is nothing
on the earth could approach the umbra in bright-
ness. Hersho and Wilson investigated sun spots
quite thoroughly. Wilson's theory was that the
sun spots were caused by openings in the atmo-
sphere around the sun. Outside of the Nucleus
is the Protosphere, and outside the Protosphere
is another atmosphere called the Chromospere.
Sometimes there were great disturbances which 
tore rifts in the atmosphere through which the
inhabitants (whatever they are) can get glimpses
of other bodies.
	This atmosphere must consist of
	the vapor forms of metals is it sis
	too hot for them to remain in a solid form.

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Some say that this vapor condenses and falls
upon the sun (The inhabitants must be pretty
tough). Another theory by Kirckhoffs is that
these spots are nothing more than clouds.
Friday the 23rd of Aug., 1889.
All the light and heat and chemical energy on
the earth is derived from the sun. Now, coal is
from plants which were nourished by the sun's rays.
It has been calculated that what heat the earth
alone receives from the sun is sufficient to boil an
ocean of ice water 80 feet covering the whole earth in
one second of time; and the heat the earth receive
is only 1/2,300,000 000 of the sun's heat. Proctor says
that the sun in one second gives out as much
heat as 11,600000000000000 tons of coal.
The heat from the sun is sufficient to melt a
bar of ice 30 feet in diameter & reaching from
the earth to the moon in one second.
If all Utah were a coal bed 10 feet in thickness it
would only keep up the heat of the sun for 1/900 second
The sun's light is 4 times as bright as the most

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powerful electric light. This light appears brown
by contrast to the sun and any other light looks
black. The sun gives out 800,000 times as much
light as the moon. The moon's light is about as
a candle 12 feet from the eye so the sun is ab-
out like 800 000 candles at a distance of 12 feet.
There is no diminution in the sun's heat
though this power is kept up all the time.
Tues. Aug. 27th, 1889.
Ptolemaic System: According to this system,
all of the planets moved in a perfect circle
around the earth, being at different distances
away. According to this system, besides mov-
ing in a circle around the earth they were all
the time revolving around the a centre at the
same time, forming cycles and epicycles.
Epicycle This system of cycles and epi-
cycles was very intricate.
Next came Copernicus whose
system was also full of cycles
and epicycles, but his system

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p070.jpg)

was different from the Ptolemair in that
the sun was the centre around which the plan-
ets revolved in circles instead of the earth.
Tycho Brake's System: All the planets except
the earth revolved around the sun, and around
the earth revolved the sun and moon.
Keppler's System. By experiement Kepler found
that planets did not move in circles. He dis-
covered three great laws: 1st Law was that all
planets move in ellipes with the sun at one
foci. An ellipse is a closed curve within which are two
points called foci the sum of
whose distance from
every point on that curve
are the same. It was gener-
ally thought that planets moved at the same rate
of speed all the time, but Kepler discovered that 
they moved fastest at perihelion and slowest at
aphelion and his 2nd Law was that the radius
vector (an imaginary line from the sun to a planet)
of the planet passes over equal areas in equal

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p071.jpg)

times. You see, at perihelion, for the
earth to pass over the same area <from a to b> in the same length of
time as at aphelion, it would have to move faster as
at perihelion the area is much broader, though
shorter, than at aphelion. From c to d the earth
would move some slower, to cover the same area, than
at perihelion, as it would now be farther from the
sun. Kepler wondered if there was not some
relation between the rate of revolution of a planet
and its distance from the sun. 3rd Law: He
found that the square of the times of revolution
of a planet was proportional to the cube of its
mean distance from the sun.
After Kepler came Newton who discovered the
law of gravitation: Every body in the universe
attracts every other body with a force varying
directly as the product of the masses acted
upon and inversely as the square of the dis-
tance between them.

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Sep. 3rd, 1889. Solar System <one part of is>

Sun

Dimensions
Mass
Diameter
Weight

Distance

Effects
Attraction
Light
Heat

Condition
Physical
Nucleus
Photosphere
Chromosphere
Corona
Chemical

Phenomena
Granules
Solar Spots
history
parts
cause
Umbra
Anumbra
Facula

Motions

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Planets

Definition
Distribution
Classes

Earth Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars

Asteroids

Jupiter Planets
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Schedule for study of planets.
1-Name
2-History
3-Motions
a-Revolution
b-Rotation
4-Distances
a-froms un
b-from earth
5-Condition
a-Climate
b-Light
6-Satellites

Planet means wanderer. The heav-
enly boies which move
are planets.

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[A] Patriarchal Blessing
by A. P. Mac Donald upon the
head of Hester Telle Cannon,
daughter of George Q. and Mar-
tha Telle Cannon; born in Salt
Lake City Feb. 16, 1870; given in
Salt Lake City May 19, 1899.
	Hester, in the name of the 
Lord Jesus Christ, and by vir-
tue of the Patriarchal author-
ity vested in me, I lay my
hands upon your head and
do bestow a fatherly bless-
ing agreeable to your desire.
I ask the Lord to bestow such
words and thoughts as shall
prove a stay and support to
you in your hour of need.
	Thou art of Ephraim and
an heiress born to inherit all 
the blessings of the new and

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p075.jpg)

everlasting covenant. I place
upon the the gift of faith
that you may have power to 
heal and to be healed, also the
testimony of Jesus to be with
you as a fountain of revela-
tion and prop<h>esy, and that 
your choice of companionship
may be made among the
choicest and highest — your
choice shall be in wisdom,
that you may be blessed to
become a mother in Israel,
and thus favored of the
most high. Hester, seek
therefore to be mindful of
your prayers morning
and evening that you
may acquire the govern-
ment of your emotions and
temperament and that the
strength of your will power

----- new page (MSSSC2008_p076.jpg)

may be tempered by divine
emotions and meditations of
the law of the Lord, which will
tend to ornament you in
mind and in person, keep-
ing touch with the organ-
izations of the Church, also
with Sabbath School work
and Mutual Improvement,
and what you would most
desire in ri<gh>teousness, seek to
qualify therefore and it
shall come unto you.
	I bless you to enjoy life
and health while it shall
be enjoy<desir>able unto you, al-
so that you may always
preserve your faculties.
You shall be greatly bles-
sed in your labors in the
House of the Lord. You shall
be permitted so minister

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in the Lord's House in the
center city of Zion, also shall
take a part in ministering
to the remnants of Joseph.
	I ask God to bless you
with great wisdom and
prudence, and that you may
enjoy the gift of discernment
and comprehend every in-
fluence you may come in
contact with and always
choose the better part.
	Store your mind with
the knowledge of kingdoms
and countries, and inas-
much as you are highly en-
dowed you will greatly ex-
cel in following the line of
thought that inspiration
shall give you.
	Hester, seek the counsels of
your father and mother,

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and blessings shall be in
your pathway, and your
life's joy will be in the pos-
session of liberty and truth,
freedom from the allurements
and follies of the world; and
the adornment of your per-
son to be very much of the
workmanship of your own
hands.
	I place upon you the bles-
sings of the fathers, that
every blessing heretofore
placed upon you shall
be fully realized; that you
may come forth in the
morning of the first resur-
rection in the midst of your
kindred, with your compan-
ionship and posterity, clo-
thed with glory, immor-
tality and endless lives,

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Preface
To keep a journal is something which I think every boy
and girl should do. It is not only very interesting to read in
after years, but also improves the mind. Impelled by
motives of self-improvement I am about to start a jour-
nal.
I am the daughter of George Q. Cannon and Martha
T. Cannon. Am aged 18 being mamma's oldest child.
There are eight children younger than I namely:
Amelia T. Cannon, my twin, aged 18; Lewis T. Cannon, 16;
Brigham T. Cannon, 14; Willard T. Cannon, 11; Grace T. Can-
non, 8; Radcliffe Q. Cannon, 5; Espey T. Cannon, 2; and
Collins T. Cannon, 20 days. The T. in our names is for
Telle, mamma's maiden name. Grandpa Telle claimed, when
living, that he was a descendent of Wm Tell, and that
our forefathers intermarried with the French who spelled
the name T-e-l-l-e. We pronounce the name with two
syllables — Tel-le. On mamma's mother's side I am a
descendent of Reverend John Rogers the martyr who was
burned at the stake in England because he would not re-
nounce his religion. Mamma's mother was Amelia
Rogers and she married Lewis Telle.

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Sunday, Aug, 19th, 1888
It is 8 o'clock and I am alone in the front parlor standing
at the piano writing. The rest, except mamma and baby, are
off to prayers. I have felt very solemn and subdued all
day yesterday and to-day because yesterday morning Milly
and myself had a very narrow escape from drowning.
We decided to go higher up the river than we usually do
where it is much deeper than at our place; so Milly, Grace,
Espey and I all went over. Grace and we two went in
and Milly and I began to explore. We had never been
in this place before so at first we were rather cautious
about where we went, but encouraged by success, we kept
getting bolder and bolder, forgetting that the boys had
said that there were some very treacherous places in that
part of the river. We went in at a point where what
used to be two branches of the river merged into one:
but the eastern branch is now filled up with sand.
The west branch though is very turbulent and
rough here and it curves somewhat to the right where
the it reaches the north end of what need to be the high
sandy island between the two forks. Well, Milly
and myself took hold of hands and walked across

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this little bay near the edge. It only came up to our
arm pits, so we thought we would try it out a little
deeper. We walked out sideways hold of hands till
the water was about up to our necks, then we came
back nearer to the bank and went below the curve
where we crossed the river. The water was rather
swift but it hardly reached our shoulders. By this
time thoroughly emboldened, we went up to the
curve again and began our exploits anew. Hold
of hands we went out toward the swift eddying center.
I was on head and stepped off into a place up to my ears
but M. had hold of my hand so I tread water a minute
then she pulled me up onto the higher part. We then
went up to the island to the west of which was the
swiftest part of all. This time I wanted Milly to go
first and try the deep, so we started out hold of hads
when she suddenly chucked off into a place so deep
that in going down she pulled me in too. We both all
sank[---] th We both sank several feet, then let go each
others hands and began to struggle violently, which
brought us to the surface. It was all so sudden that
we both forgot that we could swim and began to

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struggle and cling to each other. After while I got so fran-
tic that I got right on top of M. While in this position
it passed through my mind like lightning that the
worst thing we could do was to cling to each other like
this, and I thought of how I had often, when reading
of people getting drowned wonder how they could be so
foolish as to loose their heads and that I would
never act so if drowning — I would be perfectly cool.
"Now's the time to act," I thought. So instead of clinging
to Milly when she got near me I would try and push
her toward the perpendicular bank of hard-pan from
which we had clipped. I had just the ghost of a hope
that she could get up on to it and then pull me out.
Each time I pushed her I got farther out. By this
time I began to despair of ever reaching land when my foot
struck something rough and hope revived within me.
With the desperation of death I tried to dig my toes in and
climb up. It was a projecting knob of the bank from
which we had slipped and although rough, very slip-
pery. I gasped out, "Come over here, it's shallower but
it was under the water and did not hear me. I had
almost got onto it when I slipped off and sank.

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When I came to the surface I hardly knew where I
was or what I was doing. Then I remembered
us having crossed the river lower down and its being
shallower than here. "Now my only chance," I
thought, "is to swim down to that shallow place";
and I wondered why I had not thought of it before
I was about exhausted but I summoned up
what strength I had left and struck out. After
I got started all my excitement left me and I felt
perfectly cool and collected. I knew that my strength
would not last long so I took my strokes as gently as
possible, just putting enough energy into them to
keep me from working. At last I put my boot
down and touched bottom. The current was not
so swift now so without much trouble I gained a
firm foothold by planting my feet in the soft sand.
I looked around for M., but I only saw her hat float-
ing down-she had sunk. Half crazed I was about
to plunge back when it struck me that against
the swift current I was powerless. Soon, however, I
saw a kind of bubble on the water, and then I saw
M. floating face downward along under the water.

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I reached out, got hold of the back of her bathing
dress and pulled her up onto her feet. She moaned,
then she staggered and gasped and at length caught
her breath All this time G. and E. were running back
and forth on the bank screaming and crying.
We stood there till M. got her breath again and felt
strong enough to walk to the bank. When we had
reached the bank Milly fell down and turned
deathly pale. She fared much worse than I did
because she swallowed a great deal of water while I
don't think I swallowed any. I held my breath when
I was under then when I came to the surface. I would hastily
breathe. I doubt not if we had not been together we
would have fared much better, but as long as we had
something to cling to such a thing as swimming never
entered our heads. M. says that she swallowed
water everytime she went under and that she thought
we would never come out of it aliveL she wondered in
what part of the river our bodies would be found,
just as I started to go down I heard her say, "O God
save us!" and then she sank and she says all was
oblivion after that. In a dreamy, hazy way she

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felt herself carried along under the water. She said
it seemed as if her body was all puffed out. Then
she remembered nothing more till she found herself
standing up with water running from her mouth
and nose. The children were just terrified. Once
when we were in the worst of it I thought Grace
was going to jump in. I tried to call to her to
run for some one but my mouth filled with
water and my efforts to speak just produced a
watery gurgle. I was conscious of all that went
on around me — I could see the children on the
bank running back and forth and hear them
screaming. Once when M. was under I heard G.
say "O, pull Milly up!" I managed to get her up
then we began to cling to each other again. In
thinking it over since it seems very strange that
neither of us thought of swimming when in a
cool moment either of us can swim much farther
than it would <here> have required to swim to shallower
water. I attribute it in part to getting so sud-
denly out of depth. We had neither us
ever before been in water over our heads.

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and I tell you there is a difference between swim-
ming where you know you can touch if you wish to
and where the bottom is many feet below you, that is,
when you have never been in deep water before and
then plunge into it unexpectedly; besides, all this
summer we have gone in bathing where it is too
shallow to swim, hence were out of practice.
Talk about drowning being an easy death! Seems to 
me that it's one of the most horrid deaths that can be
imagined. Oh of course after one loses consciousness
it is easy enough then; but before that the awful dread
ing of death and the feeling that there is nothing
around you to cling to but water, nothing but water to 
breathe is anything but pleasant.
Well, I hope it has taught us a lesson. I don't think
we will soon want to go in bathing again except
where we are perfectly familiar with the bottom. 
The only inconvenience I have suffered from the adven-
ture is a very sore, stiff little toe, which I must have
sprained or put out of joint in my efforts to climb up
on the slippery precipice from which we slid, also a
very nervous, uncomfortable feeling when I think

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of the thing, which I have done nothing but do
ever since it happened. A feeling of thankful-
ness for having escaped death pervades my very
soul. What little sleep I had last night was
very troubled. I would doze off then wake up with
start to find myself in bed instead of
just entering a watery grave as I thought. Today
I have not felt quite so nervous. I have been home all
day and have divided my attention between baby
and "Captain Kidd". This book contains the piratical
adventures of Cap. Kidd and a number of others.
Went to town yesterday afternoon. The "small
hours" approach so must stop.
	Monday Aug. 20th, 1888.
Brigham and Willard went to Provo this afternoon
on a pleasure trip. This forenoon the children that
are going to the Academy this winter went up to
have their departments assigned to them.
I have done nothing much all day but read and
tend baby. About noon Milly and I took a walk
over to the river to have a look at our "drowning
place", so to speak. We sat in a shady little nook on

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the bank and talked for awhile and then came home.
just struck 10 so must off to bed as am going to the
theatre tomorrow night.
	Wednesday Aug 22nd, 1888.
Went to the theatre last night. It was the wizard Her-
mann in "Black Art". The jugglery and sleight-of-
hand tricks were very good, though I could see through
many of the slight-of-hand tricks, our box being right
above the right hand side of the stage, giving me a good
chance to observe closely. I guess the wizard mistrusted
us because he kept looking suspiciously up at our box
while he was doing the tricks. During one scene we had
to go into the dress circle and sit because, I suppose, we
could see too much from the box. We had a very pleasant
time on the way up and back. Lewis, Milly, Jannie, Emily
and myself all went.
Had ice-cream to-day. Baby has been very cross all the
afternoon. There is a lull now, however, and I am
taking advantage of it to write my journal. "After
a calm comes a storm," the saying goes. I hope in this
case the storm will not come. The baby was three weeks
old yesterday. Good night.

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Thursday, Aug 23rd.
The storm has come and gone — baby had the colic all day
and has been very, very cross. He is sleeping just now
but may wake up any minute. Up to the last day or two
he has been a very good natured little thing.
Brigham and Willard have just got home. Papa tele-
graphed them to come because of sickness in Uncle Mor-
Moroni's family. They intended staying till Sunday
afternoon.
Mamma improves all the time. She has had a very
sick spell, the trouble being the neuralgia of the heart. It
attacked her a week ago last Monday. Her heart was so
bad that she could not lie down at all for several days.
Then it got a little better and she was able to lie down
and rest. Now she is able to walk around a little.
It is a lovely evening with a full moon and — there's
the baby!
	Friday Aug. 24th.
Just got home from town not long since, when I heard that
Ozzie Pratt was dead which was very unexpected to me as
the boys when they arrived home last night said she was
a little better. We do not know what was the nature of
the disease or anything about it yet as the notice it gave in

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this evening's News did not state. Having heard of it so late
I don't think any of us will be able to get down to the fun-
eral which is to be held tomorrow at 4 o'clock.
	Milly went up town this forenoon and I went up
this afternoon to hunt for a wash-woman as the woman
who does our work at present intends to leave a week from
tomorrow. We are just going to hire the washing and do
the rest of the work ourselves till we find some one to take
Selvia Clayson's place. We neither of us were successful in
town but there is a German woman lives not far from us
that we think that we can get.
The doctor says mamma is improving very fast. Collins 
has been pretty good to-day.
	Saturday, Aug 25th
To-day I trimmed and tucked an apron for myself. The trim-
ming is some I knit called "heart lace." I think it very pretty.
Besides that I sewed the ribbons onto a new cream colored dress of
mine and tended baby. This quiet indoor life does not 
agree with me, I like to have lots of exercise out in the open air.
I have not touched the piano for weeks, in fact have done
nothing but tend Collins. Feel dull and tired and have
got a scratchy pen so shall not write anymore tonight.

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Sunday Aug. 26th.
I have been home all day except a short time this afternoon
when I was at meeting. I strummed on the piano awhile
after meeting. I have selected three pieces that I want to learn
They are: Nearer my God to Thee, with variations; The
Blue-bells of Scotland and The Mountain Torrent. I
think them all very pretty.
To-night Papa sent over some musk-melon, water-melon
and grapes of which I have eaten till I can eat no more.
After meeting Papa told Jannie, Milly, Emily and
myself that he would give us each a new dress if we
would pull all the burrs there are on the place; I can't do
it on account of the baby, but I guess the others are going
to. He said he would give me some money to hire the little
boys to help us do it. A few years ago Papa offered
20 cents a hundred for all the burrs his children would
pull and his bill amounted to nearly $100. I earned $12.
The burrs have got a start again, however.
To-day has been very warm, but it has cooled off and
is delightful now.
Life is rather dull now-a-days. I wish something pleas-
ant and exciting would happen to break the monotony.

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Tuesday, Aug. 28th.
Early this morning Mamma heard the chickens cack-
ling and fussing so she told me to look out of the window
and see if I could see anything. I looked but saw nothing,
but presently Lewis came down with his gun, and said
there was a skunk after the chickens which he was going to
shoot. He went and stood on the west side of the kitchen
with his gun ready cocked sticking around the south-west
corner and when the skunk came out of the cock-house, (where
it had gone) toward the corner he shot it. He had so heavy
a load in that it shot it all to pieces. There has been a
magnificent smell around and in our house all day.
	Collins is four weeks old to-day. He looks two or three
months. He is large and good looking.
I mended my nun's veiling dress to-day the back drapery
having got torn; practiced on the piano awhile and went
in bathing this afternoon, the first time since that day I
came so near drowning.
Going to see Lewis Morrison in "Faust" tomorrow night.
	Thursday, Aug 30th, 88.
It is after 10 but I must write my journal before I
go to bed — can't go to bed any way till Milly comes

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home. She went horse back riding with William this
evening and is not yet home; I think they were going
to call on Charley Wilcken's girls. Gracie and Espey,
who usually sleep upstairs with her, have taken possession
of the lounge where I am going to sleep tonight, so I'll have
to sit up till she comes to take them off upstairs.
My writing is punctuated with apple-eating.
Went to theatre last night and wore my new cream dress
with blue ribbons. Lewis Morrison's part of Mephistopheles
I liked very well and the other parts were moderate.
Later: now pretty near 12 o'clock. I have been reading the
paper. M. has come and has taken the children up to bed —
think its about time I go too. Have to sleep down stairs on
account of mamma and the baby.
	Sep. 2nd, 1888
It is Sunday. I have not written in my journal the past
two days because there has been nothing special to write,
neither is there now but I must write in it or I will get
out of the habit altogether. About all I do these days is
tending baby interspersed with knitting lace, reading and
practicing on the piano — well, I manage to get away long
enough each day to go in bathing. Had a delightful

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bath in the river this morning.
Willard has been troubled the past few days with head-
ache and fever. I hardly think he will be able to go to
school tomorrow which is the first day of the Academy.
Sister Clayson left yesterday so we are now without kitchen
help but we are doing all we can to supply her place.
Through Shultice the gardener we have heard of two girls
one of which we can probably get. I hope we can be-
cause <with> such a large family as ours we must have a kitchen
girl. Till we get one, though, Milly and I will have to man-
age to do the work. We intend taking it week about one in
the bed-rooms and one in the kitchen. The one whose week
it is in the bed-rooms will also have to tend the children
Yesterday day and to-day have been Stake Conference
days. A carriage load went up to it to-day.
7:30 o'clock: I just now returned from the river where I with
all the rest of the family have been to see papa baptize Wil-
lard to make him better. After we got there papa decided
to re-baptize Grace as he was not satisfied with her baptism
on her eighth birthday. She was baptized in a bath-tub
and it was hardly deep enough to plunge her clear un-
der, so after W. Grace was re-baptized.

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Sep. 6th Thursday, 1888.
Morning: I have neglected my journal shamefully this
week but I hope when we get a kitchen girl I'll write
it more regularly. Besides being without a girl two hours
of my time each day are devoted to teaching the little
children that do not attend the Academy. I started
last Monday. I have for pupils Grace, Radcliffe, Pres-
ton and Karl. O yes! and a little girl who lives not
far from our farm called Jenny Brown. She came
over on Monday to go to school, thinking Miss Balt
was going to teach again this year. Her folks are
undergrounders and not very well off and she is in
the same classes with Grace, Karl and Preston so I said she
might come each day and take lessons with them.
I have the school in our hall — the children sit on the
stairs and the window and I in a rocking chair and
we get on famously.
I'll resume my writing again. Collins was sleeping on
the settee while I was writing but he awakened and I've
been tending him for about half an hour but now
mamma has taken him.
The children are all delighted with the Academy-

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they started last Monday. Papa's children are all well
advanced in their studies and in the Academy they rank
higher than other children of their age. The children
say that Willard is the youngest one in his department;
and Brigham is the youngest boy in the Academic de-
partment. Of course it remains to be seen whether they
will hold their place clear through the year. Wil-
lard has not been to school since Monday. He went
Monday to get initiated, but he was sick all day.
	I ironed all yesterday afternoon, and then
went in bathing about 6 o'clock; in the forenoon I had
school. I hold it from 10 to 12 each day. I am not
going to have it to-day because it is Fast-day.
	Last night M. and I went down to see how
William was. About a week ago he had a plank
fall on him across his chest and he has not been
up to work since. He is learning to be a builder. It was
his 18th birthday yesterday.
Milly went up with the children this morning to visit
the Academy.
Can't write any more now because I've got to go to the
baby.

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Jan. 3rd, 1893.
	Dombey and Son
"The lady thus specially presented was a long, lean fig-
ure, wearing such a faded air that she seemed not
to have been made in what linen-drapers call
"fast colors" originally, and to have by little and
little so have washed out. But for this she
might have been described as the very pink of
general propitiation and politeness. From
a long habit of listening admirably to every-
thing that was said in her presence, and
looking at the speakers as if she were mentally
engaged in taking off impressions of their im-
ages upon her soul, never to part with the
same but with life, her head was quite set-
tled on one side. Her hands had contracted
a spasmodic habit of raising themselves of
their own accord as in involuntary admir-
ation. Her eyes were liable to a similar af-
fection. She had the softest voice that ever
was heard; and her nose, stupendously agua-
line had a little knob in the very centre or
keystone of the bridge, whence it tended

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downward towards her face as in a invinci
ble determination never to turn up at any-
thing.
	Miss Roy's dress, though perfectly genteel and
good had a certain air of angularity and scon
tiness. She was accustomed to wear odd needy
little flowers in her bonnets and caps. Strange
grasses were sometimes perceived in her hair;
and it was observed by the curious, of all her
collars, frills, tuckers, wristbands, and other
gouamer articles — indeed of everything she
wore which had two ends to it intended to
unite — that the two ends were never on good
terms, and wouldn't quite meet without a
struggle. She had furry articles for winter
wear as tippets, boas, and muffs, which stood
up on end in a rampant manner and was
not at all sleek. She was much given to the
carrying about of small bags with snaps to
them, that went off like little pistols when
they were shut up; and when full-dressed,
she wore round her neck the barrenest of

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lockets representing a fishy old eye, with no
approach to speculation in it. These and
other appearances of a similar nature, had
served to propagate the opinion, that Miss Nox
was a lady of what is called a limited inde-
pendence, which she turned to the best account.
Possibly her mincing gait encouraged the belief,
and suggested that her [-]ipping a step of ordin-
ary compass into two or three, originated
in her habit of making the most of everything."
	Mr. Chick "who was a stout bald gen-
tleman, with a very large face, and his hands
continually in his pockets, and who had a ten-
dency in his nature to whistle and hum tunes"
which sensible of the indecorum of such sounds
in a house of grief, he was at some pains
to repress at present."
	Toodles Family Miss Nox escorted a plump
nosy-cheeked wholesome apple-faced young wo-
man, with in infant in her arms; a younger
woman not so plump but apple-faced also who
led a plump and apple-faced child in each

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hand: another plump and also apple-faced
boy who walked by himself; and finally, a
plump and apple-faced man, who carried in
his arms another plump and apple-faced
boy whom he stood down on the floor, and
admonished, in a husky whisper, to "kitch hold
of his brother Johnny."
	Susan Nipper short, brown, womanly girl
of fourteen, with a little snub nose, and black
eyes like jet beads. Spitfire made use of none
but comma pauses; shooting out whatever she
had to say in one sentence, and in one breath,
if possible. Spitfire seemed to be in the main
a good-natured little body, although a disciple of
that school of trainers of the young idea which
holds that childhood like money must be shake[-]
and rattled and jostled about a good deal to keep i[-]
bright, For being thus appealed to with some en-
dearing gestures and caresses, she folded her smal[-]
arms and shook her head, and conveyed a relen[-]
ing expression into her very-wide-open black ey[-]

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Sol. Gills. Here he lived too, in skipper-like
state, all alone with his nephew Walter: a boy of
fourteen who looked quite enough like a mid-
shipman, to carry out the prevailing idea. But
there it ended, for Solomon Gills himself (more
generally called old Sol) was far from having
a maritime appearance. To say nothing of
his Welsh wig, which was as plain and stub-
born a Welsh wig as ever was worn and in
which he looked like anything but a rover, he was
a slow quiet-spoken thoughtful old fellow,
with eyes as red as if they had been small suns
looking at you through a fog; and a newly-
awakened manner, such as he might have ac-
quired by having stared three or four days
successively through every optical instrument
in his shop, and suddenly came back to the world
again to find it green. The only change ever
known in his outward man, was from a com-
plete suit of coffee-color cut very square, and
ornamented with glaring buttons, to the
same suit of coffee-color minus the inexpres-

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sibles, which were then of a pale nankeen. He
wore a very precise shirt-frill, and carried a pair
of first-rate spectacles on his forehead, and a tre-
mendous chronometer in his job rather than
doubt which precious possession, he would have
believed in a conspiracy against it on the part
of all the clocks and watches in the city, and
even of the very Sun itself. Such as he was, such
he had been in the shop and parlor behind the lit-
tle midshipman, for years upon years; going
regularly aloft to bed every night in a howling
garret remote from the lodgers, where, when gen-
tleman of England who lived below at ease had
little or no idea of the state of the weather, it
often blew great guns.
	Walter Gay. A cheerful looking, merry boy,
fresh with running home in the rain; fair-
faced bright-eyed and curly-haired.
	Captain Cuttle. x a gentleman in a wide
suit of blue, with a hook instead of a hand at-
tached to his right wrist very bushy black
eyebrows; and a thick stick in his left hand

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covered all over (like his nose) with knobs. He
wore a lose black silk handkerchief round his neck,
and such a very large coarse shirt collar that it
looked like a small sail. He was evidently the per-
son for whom the spare wine-glass was in-
tended, and evidently knew it; for having taken
off his rough outer coat, and hung up, on a
particular peg behind the door, such a hard
glazed hat as a sympathetic person's head
might ache at the sight of, and which left a
red rim round his own forehead as if he had
been wearing a tight basin, he brought a
chair to where the clean glass was, and sat
himself down behind it. He was usually ad-
dressed as Captain, this visitor; and had been
a pilot, or a skipper, or a privateers-man, or
all three perhaps; and was a very salt-looking
man indeed.
	His face, remarkable for a brown solidity,
brightened as he shook hands with uncle and
nephew; but he seemed to be of a laconic dis-
position, and merely said: "How goes it?"

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Mrs. Brown. She was a very ugly old woman,
with red rims round her eyes, and a mouth
that mumbled and chattered of itself when she
was not speaking. She was miserably dressed,
and carried some skins over her arm. She seemed
to have followed Florence some little way at all
events, for she had lost her breath; and this made
her uglier still as she stood trying to regain it:
working her shrivelled yellow face and throat in-
to all sorts of contortions.
	Mr. Carker (John) He was not old, but his
hair was white; his body was bent, or bowed as
if by the weight of some great trouble: and there
were deep lines in his worn and melancholy
face. The fire of his eyes, the expression of his
features, the very voice in which he spoke, were
all subdued and quenched, as if the spirit
within him lay in ashes. He was respectably
though very plainly dressed, in black; but his
clothes moulded to the general character of
his figure, seemed to shrink and abase
themselves upon him, and to join in the

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sorowful solicitation which the whole man
from head to foot expressed to be left unnoticed,
and alone in his humility.
	Major Bagstock. a single gentleman: to wit,
a wooden-featured, blue-faced Major, with his
eyes starting out of his head. x x Although
Major Bagstock had arrived at what is called in
polite literature, the grand meridian of life,
and was proceeding on his journey down-hill
with hardly any throat, and a very rigid pair
of jaw-bones, and long-flapped elephantine ears,
and his eyes and complexion in the state of
artificial excitement already mentioned he was
mightily proud of awakening an interest in
Miss Nox and tickled his vanity with the fic-
tion that she was a splendind woman who
had her eye on him. This he had several times
hinted at the club: in connection with little
jocularities, of which old Joe Bagstock, old Joey
Bagstock, old J. Bagstock old Josh Bagstock
or so forth, was the perpetual theme: it being
as it were, the Major's stronghold and donjon-

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keep of light humor, to be on the most familiar
terms with his own name.
	Mrs. Wickam was a meek woman, of a fair
complexion, with her eyebrows always elevated
and her head always drooping; who was al-
ways ready to pity herself, or to be pitied, or to
pity anybody else; and who had a surprising
natural gift of viewing all subjects in an
utterly forlorn and pitiable light, and bring-
ing dreadful precedents to bear upon them, and
deriving the greatest consolation from the exer-
cise of that talent.
	Paul. he was a pretty little fellow; though
there was something wan and wistful in his
small face that gave occasion to many signifi-
cant shakes of Mrs. Wickam's head, and many
long-drawn inspirations of Mrs. Wickam's breath.
His temper gave abundant promise of being im-
perious in after-life; and he had as hopeful ap-
prehension of his own importance, and the right-
ful subservience of all other things as person[-]
to it, as heart could desire. He was childish

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and sportive enough at times, and not of a
sullen disposition; but he had a strange, old-
fashioned thoughtful way at other times, of sit-
ting brooding in his miniature arm-chair
when he looked (and talked) like one of those
terrible little Beings in the Fairy tales, who at
a hundred and fifty or two hundred years of
age fantastically represent the children for
whom they have been substituted. He would fre-
quently be stricken with this precocious mood
upstairs in the nursery; and would sometimes
lapse into it suddenly, exclaiming that he was
tired: even while playing with Florence, or driv-
ing Miss [-]ox in a single harness. But at no
time did he fall into it so surely, as when his
little chair being carried down into his father's
room he sat there with him after dinner by
the fire. They were the strangest pair at such
a time that ever firelight shone upon. Mr.
Dombey so erect and solemn, gazing at the
blaze, his little image, with an old, old face
peering into the red perspective with the fixed

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and rapt attention of a sage Mr. Donkey en-
tertaining complicated and worldly schemes
and plans; the little image entertaining
Heaven knows what wild fancies half-formed
thoughts and wandering speculations. Mr.
Donkey stiff with starch and arrogance; the lit-
tle image by inheritance and in unconscious
imitation. The two so very much alike and yet
so monstrously contrasted.
	Mrs. Pipchin. This celebrated Mrs. Pipchin
was a marvellous ill-favored ill-conditioned
old lady, of a stooping figure with a mottled
face like bad marble a hook nose, and a hard
gray eye that looked as though it might have
been hammered at on an avoid without sus-
saining any injury. Forty years at least
had elapsed since the Peruvian mines had been
the death of Mr. Pipchin; but this reli[-] still
wore black bombazine of such lusheless deep
dead, sombre shade that gas itself couldn't ligh[-]
her up after dark, and her presence was a
quencher to any number of candles. She

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was generally spoken of as "a great mana-
ger" of children; and the secret of her manage-
ment was, to give them everything that they
didn't like, and nothing that they did —
which was found to sweeten their disposi-
tions very much. She was such a bitter
old lady, that one was tempted to believe that
there had been some mistake in the applica-
tion of the Peruvian machinery, and that all
her waters of gladness and milk of human
kindness, had been pumped out dry instead
of the mines.
	Berry. Mrs. Pipchin's middle-aged mice, her good-
natured and devoted slave, but possessing a gaunt
and iron-bound aspect, and much afflicted with
boils on her nose.
	Mr. Brogley himself was a moist eyed, pink-
complexioned, crisp-haired man, of a bulky figure
and an easy temper — for that class of Cains
Marins who sits upon the ruins of other people's
Carthages, can keep up his spirits well enough.

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Mr. [-]oots. Moreover, one young gentleman
with a swollen nose and an excessively large head
(the oldest of the ten who had "gone through" every
thing), suddenly left off blowing one day, and
remained in the establishment a mere stalk. And
people did say that the Doctor had rather over-
done it with young [-]oots, and that when he began
to have whiskers he left off having brains.
	There young [-]oots was at any rate, possessed
of the gruffes of voices and the shrillest of minds
sticking ornamental pins into his shirt, and
keeping a ring in his waistcoat pocket to put on
his little finger by stealth, when the pupils went
out walking; constantly falling in love by sight
with nursery-maids, who had no idea of his
existence; and looking at the gas-lighted world
over the little iron bars in the left-hand corner
window of the front three pairs of stairs, after bed
time, like a greatly overgrown cherub who had
sat up aloft much too long.
	Dr. Blimber. The Doctor was a portly gen-
tleman in a suit of black with strings at

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his knees and stockings below them. He had a
bald head highly polished; a deep voice; and a
chin so very double that it was a wonder how
he ever managed to share into the creases. He
had likewise a pair of little eyes that were al-
ways half shut up and a mouth that was al-
ways half expanded into a grin, as if he had,
that moment, posed a boy, and were waiting to
convict him from his own lips. Insomuch
that when the Doctor put his right hand into
the breast of his coat, and with his other hand
behind him, and a scarcely perceptible wag of
his head, made the commonest observation to a
nervous stranger it was like a sentiment from
the sphynx, and settled his business.
	The Doctor's walk was stately, and calculated
to impress the juvenile mind with solemn feel-
ings. It was a sort of march; but when the Doc-
tor put out his right foot, he gravely turned up-
on his axis with a semicircular sweep to-
wards the left; and when he put out his left
foot, he turned in the same manner towards

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the right. So that he seemed at every stride he
took, to look about him as though he were say-
ing "Can anybody have the goodness to indi-
cate any subject, in any direction, on which I
am uninformed? I rather think not."
	Miss Blimber, too, although a slim and grace-
ful maid, did no soft violence to the gravity of
the house. There was no light nonsense about
Miss Blimber. She kept her hair short and crisp
and wore spectacles. She was dry and sandy
with working in the graves of deceased lan-
guages. None of your live languages for Miss
Blimber. They must be dead — stone dead — and
then Miss Blimber dug them up like a Ghoul.
	Ms. Blimber her mama was not learned
herself, but she pretended to be, and that did quite
as well. She said at evening parties, that if
she could have known Cicero, she thought she
could have died contented. It was the steady
joy of her life to see the Doctors you [--] gentle-
men, in the largest possible shirt collars, and
the stiffest possible cravats. It was so classi-

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cal she said. who was a lady of great
sauvity, and a wiry figure, and who wore a
cap composed of sky-blue materials.
	Mr. Needer. As to Mr. Needer, B. A., Dr. Blim-
bers assistant, he was a kind of human bar-
rel-organ, with a little list of tunes at which
he was continually working, over and over
again, without any variation. He might
have been fitted up with a change of barrels,
perhaps in early life if his destiny had
been favorable; but it had not been; and he
had only one, with which in a monotonous
round it was his occupation to bewilder the
young ideas of Dr. Blimber's young gentlemen.
The young gentlemen were prematurely full
of carking anxieties. They knew no rest from
the pursuit of stony-hearted verbs savage noun-
substantives, inflexible syntactic passages,
and ghosts of exercises that appeared to them
in their dreams. Under the forcing system,
a young gentleman usually took leave of
his spirits in three weeks. He had all the cares

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of the world on his lead in three months. He
conceived bitter sentiments against his parent
or guardians in four; he was an old misan-
thrope in five; envied Curtius that blessed refuge
in the earth, in six; and at the end of the first
twelve month had arrived at the conclusion, from
which he never afterwards departed, that all the
fancies of the poets, and lessons of the ages, were
a mere collection of words and grammar, and
had no other meaning in the world.
	But he went on the blow, blow, blowing in the
Doctor's hot house all the time; and the Doctor's
glory and reputation were great, when he took
his wintry growth home to his relations and
friends.
	Mr. Morfin. The gentleman last mentioned
was a cheerful-looking, hazel-eyed elderly bachelor:
gravely attired, as to his upper man, in black; and
as to his legs in pepper and salt color. His dark
hair was just touched here and there with specks
of grey as though the head of Time had splashed
it; and his whiskers were already white. He

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had a mighty respect for Mr. Dombey and ren-
dered him due homage; but as he was of a gen-
ial temper himself, and never wholly at his ease
in that stately presence, he was disquieted by no
jealousy of the many conferences enjoyed by Mr.
Carker, and felt a secret satisfaction in having
duites to discharge, which rarely exposed him
to be singled out for such distinctions. He was a
great musical amateur in his way — after
business and had a paternal affection for his
violon cello, which was once in every week trans-
ported from Islington his place of abode, to a cer-
tain club-room hard by the Bank, where quar-
tettes of the most tormenting and excruciating
nature were executed every Wednesday evening
by a private party.
	Mr. Carker was a gentleman thirty-eight
or forty years old, of a florid compexion, and
until two unbroken rows of glistening teeth, whose
regularity and whiteness were quite distressing.
It was impossible to escape the observation of
them, for he showed them whenever he spoke:

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and bore so wide a smile upon his countenance
(a smile however very rarely indeed, extending
beyond his mouth) that there was something
in it like the snarl of a cat. He affected a stiff
white cravat, after the example of his principle,
and was always closely but toned up and tightly
dressed. Has manner toward Mr. Dombey was
deeply concieved and perfectly expressed. He was
familiar with him, in the very extremity of his
sense of the distance between them. "Mr. Dombey,
to a man in your position from a man in mine,
there is no show of subservience compatible with the
transaction of business between us, that I should
think sufficient. I frankly tell you Sir I give it
up altogether. I feel that I could not satisfy my
own mind; and Heaven knows, Mr. Dombey, you
can afford to dispense with the endeavor." If he
had carried these words about with him, printed
on a placard, and had constantly offered it to
Mr. Dombey's perusal on the breast of his coat,
he could not have been more explicit than he
was

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Mrs. Skewton. Although the lady was not
young, she was very blooming in the face — quite
rosy — and her dress and attitude were perfectly
juvenile. The discrepancy between Mrs. Skew-
ton's fresh enthusiasm of words, and forlornly
faded manner, was hardly less observable than
that between her age, which was about seventy,
and her dress, which would have been youthful
for twenty-seven. Her attitude in the wheeled
chair (which she never varied) was one in which
she had been taken in a barouche some fifty
years before, by a then fashionable artist who
had appended to his published sketch the name
of Cleopatra: in consequence of a discovery
made by the critics of the time, that it bore an
exact resemblance to that Princess as she reclined
on board her galley. Mrs. Skewton was a beauty
then, and bucks threw wine glasses over their
heads by dozens in her honor. The beauty and
the barouche had both passed away but she
still preserved the attitude, and for this rea-
son expressly maintained the wheeled chair

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and the butting page: their being nothing what
ever, except the attitude, to prevent her from walk-
ing. 
	Edith Granger. Walking by the side of the chair
and carrying her gossamer parasol with a proud
and weary air, as if so great an effort must be
soon abandoned and the parasol dropped, sauntered
a much younger lady, very handsome, very haughty
very willful, who tossed her he<a>d and drooped her 
eyelids, as though, if there were anything in all
the world worth looking into save a mirror, it
certainly was not the earth or sky. and
the Beauty, loitering by herself a little in advance
expressed in all her elegant form from head to
foot the same supreme disregard of everything
and everybody. It was a unremarkable char-
acteristic of this lady's beauty that it appeared
to vaunt and assert itself without her aid, 
and against her will. She knew that she was
beautiful: it was impossible that it could be 
otherwise: but she seemed with her own pride to 
defy her very self.

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Rob Noodles. A strong-built lad of fifteen,
with a round face, a round sleek head, round
black eyes, round limbs and round body,
who, to carry out the general rotundity of his
appearance, had a round hat in his hand,
without a particle of brim to it.
	Bunsby. Immediately there appeared, coming
slowly up above the bulk-head of the cabin, another
bulk-head — human and very large — with one
stationary eye in the mahogony face and one
revolving one, on the principle of some light-houses.
This head was decorated with shaggy hair like
oakum, which had no governing inclination
towards the north, east, west, or south; but in-
clined to all four quarters of the compass, and
to every point upon it. The head was fol-
lowed by a perfect desert of chin, and by a
shirt-collar and neckerchief, and by a dread-
nought pilot-trousers, whereof the waistband
was so very broad and high that it became
a succedaneum: being ornamented near

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the wearer's breast-bone with some massive
wooden buttons, like backgammon men. As
the lower portions of these pantaloons became
revealed. Bunsby stood confessed; his hands in
their pockets, which were of vast size; and his
gaze directed, not to Captain Cuttle or the ladies,
but the mast head.
	The profound appearance of this philosopher,
who was bulky and strong, and on whose extreme
by red face an expression of taciturnity sat en-
throned, not inconsistent with his character, in
which that quality was proudly conspicuous,
almost daunted Captain Cuttle, though on fam-
iliar terms with him. Whispering to Florence
that Bunsby had never in his life expressed sur-
prise, and was considered not to know what it
meant, the Captain watched him as he eyed
his mast-head, and afterwards swept the hori-
zon; and when the revolving eye seemed to be com-
ing round in his direction said: "Bunsby, my
lad, how fares it?" A deep, gruff, husky ut-
terance, which seemed to have no connection

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with Bunsby, and certainly had not the least ef-
fect upon his face, replied, "Ay, ay, shipmet, how
goes it!" At the same time Bunsby's right hand
and arm, emerging from a pocket, shook the Cap-
tain's, and went back again. The great
commander, who seemed by the expression of his
visage to be always on the look-out for something
in the extremest distance, and to have no ocular
knowledge of anything within ten miles, made
no reply whatever.
	Sir Barnet Skettles expressed his personal con-
sequence chiefly through an antique gold snuff-
box and a ponderous silk pocket-handkerchief,
which he had an imposing manner of draw-
ing out of his pocket like a banner, and using
with both hands at once. Sir Barnet's object
in life was constantly to extend the range of
his acquaintance. Like a heavy body dropped
into water- not to disparage so worthy a gen-
tleman by the comparison — it was in the
nature of things that Sir Barnet must spread
an ever-widening circle about [-] him, un-

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Thursday, Apr. 11, 1901.

[Writing appears in shorthand]

	Friday the 19th of April, 1901.
Father died a week ago today
at 1:20 in the morning at Monter-
Re, California. Body arrived
home Monday afternoon last af-
ter being delayed by a wreck for
a or den hours. Funeral services
at Tabernacle day before yesterday.
The week past has been a very
sad and dreary one for us, in
deed.

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Monday, July 22, 1901.

[Writing appears in shorthand]

Saturday, July 27, 1901.
Logan: I came up day before
yesterday and intend stay-
ing about two weeks. There
was an excursion up here
to-day and Amelia and my
self went to the depot think-
ing that probably some
more of the folks from
home would be on the
train but there were none.
Met Bro. Cowley, however,
who wanted to know if
he wouldn't do.
	I am writing long-
hand to-night because
my fountain a stub is

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the only pen at hand and
short-hand with that would
be rather unintelligable.
	When I fill this page
I will have to start in
my new journal which is
a blank book bound in
morrocco which came to
me from Father's books
which were divided on the
Fourth.
	I hope I will have an en-
joyable time while I am
up here.
	The first afternoon I went
up town, and got Dr. Croxall
to telephone out to Leah Wid-
stoe's for me also posted a let-
ter. Came back and waded
in the creek down the lot.
Sader Osborn Widstoe & his
mother called to deliver a message.

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Yesterday just dawdled
round: visited the kinder-
garten in the forenoon &
took a long nap in the after-
for I did not get to sleep till
morning the night before
for I got so nervous think-
ing I could hear someone
in the house- or something
which daylight interpreted
as mice.
	To-day I helped A. with
the sweeping, waded, picked
some peas, exercised the
piano and my voice, ate
some molasses candy,
and so on. Amelia & I
are now going to take a
short walk before retiring.

[The following is written upside down at bottom of page]
in the name of Jesus.
Amen.

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Hester Telle Cannon
Cannons' Home
Utah.

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19

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AFTERNOON SESSION.

SALT LAKE TEMPLE
DEDICATION SERVICES.

ADMIT ONE

Tuesday, April 11th, 1893.

W. Woodruff